Cellulose, oo ah polymer-ka organic ugu badan ee Dhulka, wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah bayoolajiga iyo qalabka warshadaha kala duwan.Sharafteeda qaabdhismeedkeeda cajiibka ah waxay keenaysaa caqabado burburkeeda hufan, ee muhiimka u ah codsiyada sida wax soo saarka bayofuelka iyo maaraynta qashinka.Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ayaa u soo baxday sidii musharrax suurtagal ah oo loogu talagalay kala dirida cellulose sababtoo ah dabeecadda bey'adda xun iyo sifooyinka oxidizing.
Hordhac:
Cellulose, oo ah polysaccharide ka kooban unugyo gulukoos oo ku xiran β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, waa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhismaha derbiyada unugyada dhirta.Badnaanta ay ku leedahay bayoolajiga ayaa ka dhigaysa kheyraad soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay warshado kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan waraaqaha iyo saxarka, dunta, iyo tamarta noolaha.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shabakada isku xidhka hydrogen ee adag gudaha fibrillada cellulose waxay ka dhigtaa mid adkaysi u leh milanka inta badan, taas oo caqabad ku ah ka faa'iidaysigeeda iyo dib u warshadaynta.
Hababka dhaqameed ee kala dirida cellulose waxay ku lug leeyihiin xaalado qallafsan, sida asiidh urursan ama dareeraha ionic, kuwaas oo inta badan lala xiriiriyo walaaca deegaanka iyo isticmaalka tamarta sare.Taas bedelkeeda, hydrogen peroxide waxay bixisaa beddel rajo leh sababtoo ah dabeecadeeda oksaydhaynta khafiifka ah iyo suurtogalnimada habaynta cellulose-ka deegaanka saaxiibtinimo.Warqadani waxay si qoto-dheer u falanqaysaa hababka ka dambeeya kala dirida cellulose-ku-dhex-dhexaadinta hydrogen peroxide waxayna qiimeeyaan waxtarkeeda iyo codsiyadooda la taaban karo.
Hababka kala dirida Cellulose ee Hydrogen Peroxide:
Kala dirida cellulose ee hydrogen peroxide waxay ku lug leedahay falcelin kiimiko ah oo adag, ugu horrayn jeexjeexa oksijiinta ee curaarta glycosidic iyo carqaladaynta isku xidhka hydrogen intermolecular.Nidaamku wuxuu caadi ahaan ku socdaa tillaabooyinka soo socda:
Oxidation of Hydroxyl Groups: Hydrogen peroxide waxay la falgashaa kooxaha cellulose hydroxyl, taasoo keentay samaynta radicals hydroxyl (•OH) iyada oo loo marayo Fenton ama falcelinta Fenton-sida ee joogitaanka ions birta kala guurka ah.Xagjiriintani waxay weeraraan curaarta glycosidic, iyagoo bilaabaya maqsin silsilad waxayna dhalinayaan jajabyo cellulose gaaban.
Burburinta Isku-xidhka Hayaroojiinta: Xagjirrada Hydroxyl sidoo kale waxay carqaladeeyaan isku-xidhka isku xidhka hydrogen ee u dhexeeya silsiladaha cellulose, daciifinta qaabdhismeedka guud iyo fududaynta xallinta.
Sameynta Derivatives Soluble: Natiijadu waxay keenaysaa in la sameeyo biyo-milmi dhexdhexaad ah, sida asiidh-carbosilic, aldehyde, iyo ketones.Kala-soo-baxyadani waxay gacan ka geystaan habka kala dirida iyagoo kordhinaya milanka iyo yaraynta viscosity-ka.
Depolymerization and Fragmentation: oksaydhaynta dheeraadka ah iyo falcelinta jeexjeexa waxay horseeddaa depolymerization ee silsiladaha cellulose ee oligomers gaaban iyo ugu dambeyntii sonkorta milmay ama alaabooyinka kale ee miisaankoodu hooseeyo.
Waxyaalaha Saameeya Kala Diridda Cellulose Dhex-dhexaadiya Hydrogen Peroxide:
Wax ku oolnimada kala dirida cellulose iyadoo la isticmaalayo hydrogen peroxide waxaa saameeya arrimo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan:
Isku-duubnaanta Hydrogen Peroxide: Heerarka sare ee hydrogen peroxide waxay caadi ahaan keentaa heerar falcelin degdeg ah iyo hoos u dhac ballaaran oo cellulose ah.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xad-dhaafka xad-dhaafka ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay u horseeddo fal-celin dhinaceed ah ama wax-soo-saar aan loo baahnayn.
pH iyo Heerkulka: pH ee falcelinta dhexdhexaadka ah waxay saameyneysaa jiilka radicals hydroxyl iyo xasilloonida derivatives cellulose.Xaaladaha aashitada dhexdhexaadka ah (pH 3-5) ayaa badanaa la door bidaa si kor loogu qaado milanka cellulose iyada oo aan hoos u dhicin.Intaa waxaa dheer, heerkulku wuxuu saameeyaa dhaqdhaqaaqa falcelinta, iyadoo heerkul sare uu guud ahaan dardargelinayo habka kala dirida.
Joogitaanka Katalysts: Iiyooyinka birta ku-meel-gaadhka ah, sida birta ama naxaasta, waxay kicin karaan burburka hydrogen peroxide waxayna kor u qaadaan samaynta xaglaha hydroxyl.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorashada kicinta iyo xooga saarideeda waa in si taxadar leh loo hagaajiyaa si loo yareeyo falcelinta dhinaceeda loona hubiyo tayada alaabta.
Morfology Cellulose iyo Crystallinity: Helitaanka silsiladaha cellulose ee hydrogen peroxide iyo radicals hydroxyl waxaa saameeya qaabka maaddada iyo qaab dhismeedka crystalline.Gobollada amorphous aad bay ugu nugul yihiin xaalufka marka loo eego xayndaabyada crystalline-ka ah ee aadka u sarreeya, taas oo u baahan in la sii daawayn ama xeelado wax lagaga beddelo si loo horumariyo gelitaanka.
Faa'iidooyinka iyo Codsiyada Hydrogen Peroxide ee Kala Diridda Cellulose:
Hydrogen peroxide waxay bixisaa faa'iidooyin dhowr ah oo loogu talagalay kala dirida cellulose marka loo eego hababka caadiga ah:
Waafaqsanaanta Deegaanka: Si ka duwan kiimikooyinka adag sida sulfuric acid ama dareerayaasha koloriin leh, hydrogen peroxide waa mid aan fiicneyn oo u kala baxa biyaha iyo ogsijiinta ee xaaladaha khafiifka ah.Dabeecaddan deegaanka u wanaagsan ayaa ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon habaynta cellulose waara iyo hagaajinta qashinka.
Xaaladaha Falcelinta Fudud: Kala dirida cellulose-ka-dhexdhexaadinta hydrogen peroxide waxaa lagu fulin karaa xaaladaha khafiifka ah ee heerkulka iyo cadaadiska, hoos u dhigista isticmaalka tamarta iyo kharashyada hawlgalka marka loo eego heerkulka sare ee hydrolysis hydrolysis ama daaweynta dareeraha ionic.
Oxidation Xul ah: Kala-goynta oksaydhka ee curaarta glycosidic ee hydrogen peroxide waa la xakameyn karaa ilaa xad, taas oo u oggolaanaysa wax ka beddelka xulashada silsiladaha cellulose iyo soo saarista derivatives ku habboon oo leh astaamo gaar ah.
Codsiyada Kala Duwan: Ka-soo-saarka cellulose-ka milmay ee laga helay kala dirida hydrogen peroxide-dhexdhexaadin ayaa leh codsiyo suurtagal ah dhinacyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan wax soo saarka biofuel, qalabka shaqada, aaladaha biomedical, iyo daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah.
Caqabadaha iyo Tilmaamaha Mustaqbalka:
Inkasta oo ay jirto sifooyin rajo leh, hydrogen peroxide-dhexdhexaadinta kala dirida cellulose waxay wajaheysaa caqabado dhowr ah iyo meelo lagu horumarinayo:
Xulashada iyo Wax-soo-saarka: Helitaanka wax-soo-saar sare oo ka-soo-baxyada cellulose-ka-milmi kara oo leh fal-celin-celin-dhibceed ah ayaa weli ah caqabad, gaar ahaan kaydka quudinta noole ee kakan ee ka kooban lignin iyo hemicellulose.
Miisaanka Kor-u-qaadista iyo Isku-dhafka Geedi-socodka: Kor-u-qaadista hababka kala dirida cellulose-ku-saleysan hydrogen peroxide ilaa heerarka warshadaha waxay u baahan tahay tixgelin taxaddar leh ee naqshadeynta fal-celinta, soo-kabashada dareeraha, iyo tillaabooyinka habaynta hoose si loo hubiyo waxtarka dhaqaale iyo waaritaanka deegaanka.
Kobcinta Catalyst: Nakhshad wax-qabad hufan oo firfircoonida hydrogen peroxide iyo oxidation cellulose waxay lama huraan u tahay kor u qaadista heerka falcelinta iyo xulashada iyadoo la yareynayo kicinta kicinta iyo samaynta wax soo saarka.
Valorization of By-Products: Xeeladaha lagu qiimeeyo wax soo saarka ka soo baxa inta lagu guda jiro hydrogen peroxide-dhexdhexaadinta cellulose kala diri, sida karboksylic acids ama oligomeric sonkorta, waxay sii wanaajin kartaa guud ahaan waarta iyo dhaqaale ee habka.
Hydrogen peroxide waxay haysaa ballan muhiim ah sida dareere cagaaran oo isku dhafan oo loogu talagalay kala dirida cellulose, oo bixisa faa'iidooyin sida waafaqsanaanta deegaanka, xaaladaha falcelinta khafiifka ah, iyo oksaydhka xulashada.In kasta oo ay jiraan caqabado socda, dadaallada cilmi-baarista ee joogtada ah ee loogu talagalay in lagu qeexo hababka hoose, hagaajinta cabbirrada falcelinta, iyo sahaminta codsiyada cusub waxay sii kordhin doontaa suurtagalnimada iyo sii jirista hababka ku salaysan hydrogen peroxide ee valorization cellulose.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-10-2024